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When French brothers Auguste and Louis Lumi already famous for France's first motion-picture camera, unveiled their "autochrome" in 1907 Paris, they believed it was their most exciting invention to date. Yet, could they have imagined that their creation, the first portable camera to produce true-color celine handbags sale photographs, would inspire a massive 22-year, privately funded project to promote world peace?
That's exactly what it did. Hopelessly na Batty? Maybe today, but in fin de si Paris, where anti-Semitism in the wake of the Dreyfus Affair festered, there was a palpable urgency in some progressive circles to squash ethnic hatred and intolerance. Jewish banker and philanthropist Albert Kahn was one of these progressive celine bags intellectuals, and, as mulberry bags David Okuefuna documents in The Dawn of the Color Photograph: Albert Kahn's Archives of the Planet, he would use the Lumi new invention not only in an attempt to smooth over ethnic tensions in France, but to promote worldwide pacifism. If people from one culture could see how other cultures lived, he figured, they would gain a greater understanding and tolerance.
reFacebookAlas, neither Kahn nor the color photograph could put an end to the evils of the world. (Indeed, his photographers would capture some horrific events: the first and second Balkan wars, the brutality of French colonialist forces in Vietnam and Cambodia and, of course, World War I in France and Germany.) But Kahn's massive undertaking, called "Archives of the Planet," did produce the most important--and eerily beautiful--collection of early color photographs in the world: 72,000 autochromes, as well as 4,000 black-and-white photos and 120 hours of documentary film.
Kahn was born in 1860 in a town called Marmoutier in Alsace in eastern France--an area occupied by Prussia when Kahn was 11. Fleeing his newly German home at the age of 16, Kahn arrived in Paris, where he would become a banker and amass a large fortune, which he used for philanthropic purposes.
He set up a successful scholarship program that awarded grants to young academics to study in isabel marant dicker other countries, and when he heard of the autochrome, he saw a more far-reaching means of promoting peaceful international relations. Kahn brought his first autochrome camera, and had Dutertre photograph the sights and people in these foreign lands. When they arrived home in France, Kahn recruited professional photographers, supplied them with trunks of autochromes and film cans, and sent them off to photograph the world.
The photographs, hundreds of which are compiled in the new book, are breathtaking. The autochrome achieved its color through a single glass plate smeared with millions of grains of potato starch, which were dyed red, green or violet and thus acted as tiny color filters. When the plate was exposed, light entering though the lens passed through the grains on to a layer of photographic emulsion; the result was a full-color image. Some of the colors appear muted--the autochrome is not fond of yellow, for instance--but the reds--in an Irish country girl's crimson coat, say, or a ruby pool of blood on the floor of a dark town hall in Germany -- are so vibrant they practically pop.
The potato starch gives the photographs a grainy, almost pixilated, quality, creating a romantic, old-world feel: fitting since many capture cultures on the brink of extinction isabel marant through globalization or colonialism--something Kahn was quite concerned about. Part of his intention, writes Okuefuna, was "to record the vital, distinctive aspects of the world's vulnerable cultures." Swedish women in their bright red and royal purple embroidered outfits posing in front of a pine forest; exiles from Salonika, Greece, seeking a place of refuge in the desert and wearing flowing dhoti pants with red sashes tied at the waist; a Mongolian princess, her black pigtailed braids adorned in ribbons and jewels; a Vietnamese woman in a pink silk robe lounging in an opium dream.
Though Okuefuna, who executive-produced the companion BBC documentary, maintains in his introduction that The Dawn of the Color Photograph is primarily a mulberry uk picture book, in typical British fashion he sells himself and this extraordinary volume short. Each photograph is accompanied by observant notes putting the shop isabel marant image in cultural and historical context, each section--divided by region--is bolstered with histories, celine handbags journal entries and a secondary travel narrative: Dutertre getting his camera equipment confiscated in China, or Japanese shopkeepers insisting the dirty American tourists--Dutertre and his ilk--cover their shoes in "over-slippers" before entering their pristine stores.
The project began to lose speed with the 1929 stock market crash on Wall Street, which reverberated throughout the Western world and took away Kahn's fortune. Somehow, he continued funding photographic missions into the '30s, though his photographers, save for one trip in 1930 to West Africa, would never travel beyond the Mediterranean again.
Kahn, ironically, would end his life while again under German buy isabel marant sneakers rule, in occupied Paris during World War II. He escaped the fate of more than 75,000 French Jews who died in Nazi death camps, and he passed away in his isabel marant dicker boots sleep in November of 1940. "At 80," writes Okuefuna, "the avowed pacifist had found peace at last." More important, he left behind countless beautiful images of now-lost worlds to enthrall us and remind us where we came from.
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